Professor Wes' list of European Monarchs
Includes:  France, Scotland, England, Spain, Portugal
Not included yet:  Austria, Denmark, Prussia, Russia, Germany, Poland
Last update:  13 July 2004
Sources:  Various

French Monarchs
	"French" monarchs covers post-Roman monarchs of what began as the Frankish people.  The regions over which pre-Charlemagne Frankish monarchs ruled varied greatly and is not taken into consideration.  Dynasty or family names are provided as delineations.

Merovingian
447-458 Merovich
458-482 Childeric I
482-511 Clovis I
511-558 Childebert I
558-562 Clothaire I
562-566 Caribert
566-584 Chilperic
584-628 Clothaire II
628-637 Dagobert I
637-655 Clovis II
655-668 Clothaire III
668-674 Childeric II
674-691 Thierry III
691-695 Clovis III
695-711 Childebert II
711-716 Dagobert III
716-721 Chilperic II
721-737 Thierry IV
737-743 no king
743-751 Childeric III

Carolingian
751-768 Pepin the Short
768-814 Charlemagne (also Holy Roman Emperor 800-814)
814-840 Louis I, the Pious
840-877 Charles I, the Bald
877-879 Louis II, the Stammerer
879-882 Louis III
882-884 Carloman
884-888 Charles II, the Fat
888-898 Odo, count of Paris
898-929 Charles III, the Simple
929-936 no king
936-954 Louis IV, the Foreigner
954-986 Lothaire
986-987 Louis V

Capetian
987-996 Hugh Capet
996-1031 Robert II, the Pious
1031-1060 Henry I
1060-1108 Philip I
1108-1137 Louis VI, the Fat
1137-1180 Louis VII
1180-1223 Philip II, Augustus
1223-1226 Louis VIII, the Lion
1226-1270 Louis IX, Saint-Louis
1270-1285 Philip III, the Bold
1285-1314 Philip IV, the Fair
1314-1316 Louis X
1316-1322 Philip V, the Tall
1322-1328 Charles IV, the Fair

Valois
1328-1350 Philip VI
1350-1364 John II, the Good
1364-1380 Charles V, the Wise
1380-1422 Charles VI, the Fool
1422-1461 Charles VII, the Victorious
1461-1483 Louis XI, the Spider
1483-1498 Charles VIII
1498-1515 Louis XII, Father of his People
1515-1547 Fran¨ois I
1547-1559 Henry II
1559-1560 Fran¨ois II
1560-1574 Charles IX
1574-1589 Henry III

Bourbon
1589-1610 Henry IV
1610-1643 Louis XIII
1643-1715 Louis XIV, the Sun King
1715-1774 Louis XV
1774-1793 Louis XVI
1793-1804 no king
1804-1814 see Emperors, below
1814-1824 Louis XVIII
1824-1830 Charles X

Orleans
1830-1848 Louis-Philippe

Emperors
1804-1815 Emperor Napoleon
1852-1870 Emperor Napoleon III




English/Scottish Monarchs

Scottish Monarchs
The kingdom of Scotland began when Kenneth mac Alpin united the Picts and the Dalriadan Scots and became their king.  The kingdoms of Strathclyde and Bernicia were separate until Strathclyde became part of Scotland in the reign of Duncan I.

House of mac Alpin
Kenneth I (843-858)
his brother, Donald I (858-862)
Kenneth I's son, Constantine I (862-877)
Kenneth I's son, Aed (877-878)
his nephew, Eochaid and first cousin Giric (878-889 - co-kings)
Constantine I's son, Donald II (889-900)
Aed I's son, Constantine II (900-943)
Donald II's son, Malcolm I (943-954)
Constantine II's son, Indulf (954-962)
Malcolm I's son, Dubh (962-966)
Indulf's son, Culen (966-971)
Malcolm I's son, Kenneth II (971-995)
Culen I's son, Constantine III (995-997)
Dubh I's son, Kenneth III (997-1005)
Kenneth II's son, Malcolm II (1005-1034)
Malcolm II's grandson, Duncan I (1034-1040)
Malcolm II's grandson, Macbeth (1040-1057)
Kenneth III's grandson, Lulach (1057-1058)

The House of Dunkeld
Duncan I's son, Malcolm III (1058-1093)
Duncan I's son, Donald III (1093-1094 and 1094-1097)
Malcolm III's son, Duncan II (1094)
Malcolm III's son, Edgar (1097-1107)
Malcolm III's son, Alexander I (1107-1124)
Malcolm III's son, David I (1124-1153)
David I's grandson, Malcolm IV (1153-1165)
David I's grandson, William I (1165-1214)
his son, Alexander II (1214-1249)
his son, Alexander III (1249-1286)
his granddaughter, Margaret (1286-1290)
puppet of King Edward I of England (1290-1292 - Wars of Scottish Independence)
David I's 3xgreat-grandson, John Balliol (1292-1296)

The House of Bruce
David I's 4x(great)grandson, Robert I (1306-1329)
his son, David II (1329-1371)

The House of Balliol
John Balliol's son Edward Balliol (1332-1338)

The House of Stewart (Stuart)
Robert I's grandson, Robert II (1371-1390)
his son, Robert III (1390-1406)
his son, James I (1406-1437)
his son, James II (1437-1460)
his son, James III (1460-1488)
his son, James IV (1488-1513)
his son, James V (1513-1542)
his daughter, Mary (1542-1567)
her son, James VI (1567-1625)
his son, Charles I (1625-1649)
his son, Charles II (1651-1685)
Charles I's son, James VII (1685-1688)
his daughter, Mary II (1689-1694) and her husband (and cousin) William II (William III of England) of the House of Orange (1689-1702), reigned together during Mary's life as "William and Mary"
William was succeeded by James VII's younger daughter Anne (1702-1707)

In 1707, with the Act of Union, the thrones of England and Scotland were formally united as the United Kingdom of Great Britain, keeping the numbering system of England.  See GB and UK monarchs below.

English Monarchs
After the departure of the Romans and prior to the formation of England, various British, Viking and Anglo-Saxon kingdoms existed in the southern two-thirds of Britain. Between 400 and 1000 the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms gradually conquered the others, amalgamating to form England.
Kings of Essex
(The Bretwalda - the overall kings (Bretwalda) were chosen from among the rulers of the various Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England - hence the use of "of". There was not always a Bretwalda.)
®lle of Sussex (477-514)
Cerdic of Wessex (519-534)
Ceawlin of Wessex (560-591)
Ethelbert of Kent (591-616)
Raedwald of East Anglia (616-627)
Edwin of Deira (627-632)
Oswald of Bernicia (633-641)
Oswiu of Northumbria (641-670)
®thelbald of Mercia (c735-757)
®thelbald's cousin, Offa of Mercia (757-796)
The Saxon Kings
(At this point the Kings of Wessex became dominant and started their dynasty.)
Ceawlin's 7x(great)-grandson, Egbert (829-839)
his son, Ethelwulf (839-855)
his son, Ethelbald (855-860)
Ethelwulf's son, Ethelbert (860-866)
Ethelwulf's son, Ethelred (866-871)
Ethelwulf's son, ®lfred (Alfred) the Great (871-899)
his son, Edward the Elder (899-924)
his son, Ethelweard (924)
his brother, Athelstan (924-939)
Edward's son, Edmund I (939-946)
Edward's son, Edred (946-955)
Edmund's son, Edwyn (955-959)
Edmund's son, Edgar (959-975)
his son, Edward the Martyr (975-978)
Edgar's son, Ethelred II (978-1013)
restored, Ethelred II (1014-1016)
his son, Edmund II (1016)

The Danelaw
(For a short period of time, both Danish and Saxon kings claimed the throne of England.)
Svein, also King of Denmark (1013-1014)
his son, Canute the Great (1016-1035)
his illegitimate son, Harold I Harefoot (1035-1040)
Canute's son, Hardacanute (1040-1042)

The Saxon Restoration
Ethelred II's son and Canute II's half-brother, Edward the Confessor (1042-1066)
his brother-in-law and Sweyn I's grand-nephew, Harold II (1066)
Edmund II's grandson, Edgar ®theling, uncrowned (1066)

The Norman Kings of England
(After the Norman Conquest in 1066, numbering of kings starts over, at least for the Edwards. The reason for this is that the tradition of numbering reigning monarchs was brought to England by the Normans. The numbers given to pre-conquest kings were added by later historians.)

Edward the Confessor and Hardacanute's first cousin twice removed, William I (1066-1087)
his son, William II (1087-1100)
William I's son, Henry I (1100-1135)
William I's grandson, Stephen (1135-1154)

The Plantagenets (Angevins)
Henry I's daughter, Matilda, uncrowned (1141)
Matilda's son, Henry II (1154-1189)
his son, Richard I the Lionheart (1189-1199)
his youngest brother (Henry II's son), John (1199-1216)
his son, Henry III (1216-1272)
his son, Edward I (1272-1307)
his son, Edward II (1307-1327)
his son, Edward III (1327-1377)
his grandson, Richard II (1377-1399)

The House of Lancaster
Edward III's grandson, Henry IV (1399-1413)
his son, Henry V (1413-1422)
his son, Henry VI (1422-1461 and 1470-1471)

The House of York
Edward III's great-great-grandson, Edward IV (1461-1470 and 1471-1483)
his son, Edward V, uncrowned (1483)
Edward IV's brother, Richard III (1483-1485)

The House of Tudor
Edward III's 2x(great)grandson and Edward IV's son-in-law, Henry VII (1485-1509)
his son, Henry VIII (1509-1547)
his son, Edward VI (1547-1553)
Henry VII's great-granddaughter, Lady Jane Grey, uncrowned (9 days in 1553)
Henry VIII's daughter, Mary I (1553-1558)
Henry VIII's daughter, Elizabeth I (1558-1603)

The House of Stuart
Henry VII's great-great-grandson, James I, also King of Scotland, (1603-1625)
his son, Charles I (1625-1649)

The Commonwealth and Protectorate
(There was no king between Charles I's execution in 1649 and the restoration in 1660, but there were two Lords Protector during the Protectorate.)
Oliver Cromwell (1653-1658)
his son, Richard Cromwell (1658-1659)

The Stuart Restoration
Charles I's son, Charles II (1660-1685)
Charles I's son, James II (1685-1688)
James II's daughter, Mary II (1689-1694) and her husband William III of the House of Orange (1689-1702), reigned together during Mary's life as "William and Mary"
William III was succeeded by James II's younger daughter, Anne (1702-1707)

Monarchs of Great Britain
(In 1707, with the Act of Union, the thrones of England and Scotland were formally united as the throne of the Kingdom of Great Britain.)

The House of Stuart
The daughter of James (II of England; VII of Scotland), Anne (1707-1714)

The House of Hanover
James I's great-grandson, George I (1714-1727)
his son, George II (1727-1760)
his grandson, George III (1760-1801)

Monarchs of the United Kingdom of Great Britain & Ireland
(In 1801, the Kingdom of Great Britain and Kingdom of Ireland merged to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.  George III's reigns spanned both the separate kingdoms and their merged entity.)
George III (1801-1820)
his son, George IV (1820-1830)
George III's third son, William IV (1830-1837)
George III's granddaughter, Victoria (1837-1901)
(in 1877, Victoria became also Empress of India)

The House of Windsor
(The House of Windsor was known as the House of Saxe-Coburg-Goetha until 1917, when anti-German sentiment swept England due to World War I.)
her son, Edward VII (1901-1910)
his son, George V (1910-1936)

Monarchs of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
George V (1910-1936)
his son, Edward VIII (1936)
George V's son, George VI (1936-1952)
his daughter, Elizabeth II (1952-)

Mnemonics
A useful rhyme for memorizing the names of the English and UK monarchs since the Norman Conquest in chronological order:

Willy Willy Harry Steve, 
Henry Dick John Henry three;
Then three Edwards Richard two, 
Henry Four, Five Six then who? 
Edward four five, Dick the bad, 
Two more Henries, Ned the lad; 
Bloody Mary she came next, 
Then we have our Good Queen Bess. 
From Scotland we got James the Vain; 
Charlie one, two, James again. 
William and Mary, Anna Gloria, 
Four Georges, William, and Victoria. 
Edward, George, the same again, 
Now Elizabeth - and the end.


Spanish Monarchs

Aragonese Monarchs
The Aragonese kingdom included the present-day autonomous community of Aragon. The Aragonese kings of the Barcelonan dynasty ruled as well Catalonia (which included Roussillon, nowadays the dˇpartement of Pyrenˇes-Orientales in France), the city of Montpellier, the kingdom of Valencia, the kingdom of Majorca, the kingdom of Sicily, and Sardinia.
The title of Count of Barcelona belonged to the Aragonese monarch after Alfonso II inherited it from his father Ramon Berenguer IV.

Counts of Barcelona
circa 870 - 897 Wilfred the Hairy (last Count appointed by a Frank king)
897 - 911 Wilfred II or Wilfred Borell I
911 - 947 Sunyer I
947 - 992 Borell II
992 - 1018 Ramon Borell
1018 - 1035 Berenguer Ramon I
1035 - 1076 Ramon Berenguer I
1076 - 1082 Ramon Berenguer II
1082 - 1096 Berenguer Ramon II
1096 - 1131 Ramon Berenguer III
1131 - 1162 Ramon Berenguer IV (married Petronila of Aragon)

Counts of Aragon
circa 809 - 839 Aznar I Galindez
844 - 867 Galindo I Aznarez
867 - 893 Aznar II Galindez
893 - 922 Galindo II Aznarez
922 - ? Andragota
926 - 970 Garcia I Sanchez of Navarre
970 - 994 Sancho II Garces of Navarre
994 - 1000 Garcia II the Trembler of Navarre

Kings of Aragon
1000 - 1035 Sancho III the Great of Navarre
1035 - 1063 Ramiro I of Aragon
1063 - 1094 Sancho I Ramirez, a.k.a Sancho V of Navarre
1094 - 1101 Peter I of Aragon, conquered Huesca
1104 - 1134 Alfonso I, conquered Zaragoza
1134 - 1157 Ramiro II of Aragon
1137 - 1163 Peronella or Petronila (married Ramon Berenguer IV, Count of Barcelona)

Kings of Aragon and Counts of Barcelona
1162 - 1196 Alfonso II, conquered Teruel
1196 - 1213 Peter II, died at the Battle of Muret
1213 - 1276 James I, conquered Valencia, Majorca and Ibiza. Wrote the Libre dels feyts
1276 - 1285 Peter III, conquered Sicily
1285 - 1291 Alfonso III, conquered Minorca
1291 - 1329 James II
1327 - 1336 Alfonso IV
1336 - 1387 Peter IV. Deposed the Kings of Majorca. Wrote the Chronicle
1387 - 1396 John I
1396 - 1410 Martin I, the Human, last direct descendant of Wilfred
1410 - 1412 Interegnum and Caspe Compromise
1412 - 1416 Ferdinand I of Aragon, a.k.a. F. of Antequera
1416 - 1458 Alfonso V, conquered Naples
1458 - 1479 John II, War of the remences
1479 - 1516 Ferdinand II of Aragon, a.k.a. Ferdinand V of Spain, invaded Navarre (married Isabella I of Castile)

Castilian Monarchs
Kings of Leon
Alfonso III of Leon 866-910 surnamed "the Great"
Garcia I of Leon 910-914
Ordono II of Galicia 910-924 and of Le—n 914-924
Fruela II of Asturies 910-925 and of Le—n 924-925
Alfonso IV of Leon 925-931 (abdicated 931, died 933)
Raimro II of Leon 931-951
Ordono III of Leon 950-956
Sancho I of Leon 956-958 and 960-966
Ordono IV of Leon 958-960
Ramiro III of Leon 967-984
Bermudo II of Leon 982-999
Alfonso V of Castile 999-1028
Bermudo III of Leon 1028-1037
Ferdinand I the Great 1035-1065

Counts of Castile
Fernando Aznarez - 927 - 930, only known of marrying the widow of Garcia I of Leon
Ferdinand Gonzalez - 923 - 970
Garcia I Fernandez - 970-995
Sancho I Garces - 995-1017
Garcia II Sanchez 1017-1029
Mayor - 1029-1032, wife of Sancho III of Navarre

Kings of Castile
Sancho III of Navarre - 1000-1035
Ferdinand I the Great, (died 1065), 1035-1065
Sancho II of Castile - 1065-1072
Garcia II of Galicia - 1065-1071
Alfonso VI of Castile, (1040-1109), 1072-1073
Urraca of Castile - 1109-1126
Alfonso VII of Castile, (1105-1157), the Emperor - 1126-1157
Sancho III of Castile - 1157-1158
Alfonso VIII of Castile, (1155-1214), 1158-1214

Kings of Castile and Leon
Alfonso IX of Castile, (1171-1230), and Leon 1188-1230
Henry I of Castile 1214-1217
Berenguela of Castile 1217
Ferdinand III of Castile, the Saint 1217-1252
Alfonso X of Castile, (1221-1284), the Wise 1252-1284
Sancho IV of Castile 1284-1295
Ferdinand IV of Castile, the Summoned 1295-1312
Alfonso XI of Castile, (1312-1350), 1312-1350
Peter I of Castile, the Cruel 1350-1369
Henry II of Castile, the Bastard 1369-1379
John I of Castile 1379-1390
Henry III of Castile, the Infirm 1390-1406
John II of Castile 1406-1454
Henry IV of Castile, the Impotent 1454-1474
Isabella I of Castile, a.k.a. Isabella I of Spain 1474-1504
Joanna of Castile, the Mad - 1504-1506
Philip I of Castile, the Handsome - 1506

Navarrese Monarchs
ca 824-1234 House of Jimenez
ca 824 - 851 Inigo Iniguez Arista (I–igo I–iguez Arista). In Basque, Eneko Aritza.
851-880 Garcia I–iguez, son of Inigo Iniguez Arista
880-905 Fortun Garces the One-Eyed
905-926 Sancho I Garces, another son of Inigo Iniguez Arista
926-970 Garcia I Sanchez
970-994 Sancho II Garces
994-1000 Garcia II the Trembler
1000-1035 Sancho III the Great
1035-1054 Garcia III Sanchez
1054-1076 Sancho IV of Pe–alen
1076-1094 Sancho V Ramirez, as Sancho I of Aragon from 1063-1094
1094-1104 Peter I
1104-1134 Alfonso I
1134-1150 Garcia IV Ramirez
1150-1194 Sancho VI the Wise
1194-1234 Sancho VII the Strong

1234-1284 Monarchs from Champagne
1234-1253 Theobald I the Troubadour or the Posthumous
1253-1270 Theobald II of Navarre
1270-1274 Henry I the Fat
1274-1305 Joan I of Navarre, married to Philip IV of France

1284-1349 Capetian Dynasty
1284-1305 Philip I
1305-1316 Louis I
1316-1322 Philip II
1322-1328 Charles I
1328-1349 Joan II of Navarre, married to Philip of Evereux

1328-1441 Evreux
1328-1342 Philip of Evreux or Philip III of Navarre
1349-1387 Charles II the Bad
1387-1425 Charles III the Noble
1425-1441 Blanche of Navarre

1425-1479 Trast‡mara
1425-1479 John I
(1441-1446 Charles (IV) of Viana)
1479 Eleanor of Navarre

1479-1483 Counts of Foix
1479-1483 Francis Febo, (of Foix 1470-1483)
1483-1516 Catherine of Navarre


1483-1573 Albret (fr Maison d'Albret)
1484-1516 John of Albret, fr. Jean d'Albret
Jean d'Albret was defeated by Ferdinand II of Aragon in 1512, who married Germana of Foix and southern Navarre was annexed to Spain. The following monarchs reigned over the portion of Navarre north of the Pyrenees, called Lower Navarre. (The Spanish monarchs styled themselves monarchs of Navarre until 1833.)

1516-1555 Henry II of Navarre
1555-1572 Jeanne d'Albret, married Antoine of Bourbon, duke of Vendome (French: Antoine de Bourbon, duc de Vend™me)

1572-1589 Bourbon
1572-1589 Henry III of Navarre
Henry III of Navarre became Henry IV of France and thereafter the crown of Navarre passed to the kings of France. The kingdom of Navarre was incorporated into the French Republic in 1791.

Portuguese Monarchs

Prior to Independence
Henry of Burgundy, Count of Portugal, then a fiefdom of Castile (1093-1112)
Afonso I Henriques, Count of Portugal (1112-1139)

The Line from Burgundy (1139-1383)
Afonso I Henriques (1139-1185)
Sancho I (1185-1211)
Afonso II (1211-1223)
Sancho II (1223-1248)
Afonso III (1248-1279)
Dinis (1279-1325)
Afonso IV (1325-1357)
Pedro I (1357-1367)
Fernando (1367-1383)
Interregnum 1383-1385

House of Aviz 1385-1580
Jo‹o I (1385-1433)
Duarte (1433-1438)
Afonso V (1438-1481)
Jo‹o II (1481-1495)
Manuel I (1495-1521)
Jo‹o III (1521-1557)
Sebasti‹o I (1557-1578)
Cardinal Henrique (1578-1580)

Habsburg
Philip I (1580-1598)
Philip II (1598-1621)
Philip III (1621-1640)

House of Braganza 1640-1910
Jo‹o IV, Duke of Braganza (1640-1656)
Afonso VI (1656-1667)
Pedro II (1667-1706)
Jo‹o V (1706-1750)
Josˇ I (1750-1777)
Pedro III (1777-1786)
Maria I Francisca (1777-1816)
Jo‹o VI (Regent 1799-1816, 1816-1826)
Pedro IV (1826) (also Peter I of Brazil)
Maria II da Gl—ria (1826-1828, 1834-1853)
Miguel I (1828-1834) (exiled)
Pedro V (1853-1861)
Luis I (1861-1889)
Carlos I (1889-1908)
Manuel II (1908-October 5, 1910, Republic declared)